Musi waKurume 15, iyo carbon border regulation mechanism (CBAM, inozivikanwawo seEU carbon tariff) yakatanga kubvumidzwa neEU Council.Yakarongwa kuti iitwe zviri pamutemo kubva muna Ndira 1, 2023, ichiisa makore matatu ekuchinja.Pazuva rimwe chetero, pamusangano wekomiti yezvehupfumi nezvemari (Ecofin) yeEuropean Council, makurukota ezvemari enyika makumi maviri nenomwe eEU vakatambira chikumbiro cheCarbon tariff yeFrance, hutungamiriri hunotenderera hweEuropean Council.Izvi zvinoreva kuti EU Nhengo dzeNyika dzinotsigira kuitwa kwekabhoni tariff policy.Sechikumbiro chekutanga chepasi rose chekugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nenzira yemitengo yekabhoni, iyo carbon border regulation mechanism ichave nemhedzisiro inosvika kure pakutengeserana kweGlobal.Zvinotarisirwa kuti muna Chikunguru gore rino, EU kabhoni tariff ichapinda munhanho yenhaurirano yevatatu pakati peEuropean Commission, European Council neEuropean Parliament.Kana zvikafamba zvakanaka, chinyorwa chekupedzisira chepamutemo chichagamuchirwa.
Pfungwa ye "carbon tariff" haina kumbobvira yaitwa pamwero mukuru kubva payakaiswa pamberi kuma1990s.Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti mutero weEU carbon tariff unogona kunge uri mutero wakakosha wekutenga kunze kwenyika unoshandiswa kutenga rezinesi reEU kana mutero wekushandisa mudzimba unobvisirwa pane kabhoni yezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, inova imwe yemakiyi ekubudirira kweEU yegirini itsva. deal.Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neEU mutero wecarbon tariff, ichabhadharisa mitero pasimbi, simende, aluminiyamu nefetereza yemakemikari inotorwa kubva kunyika nematunhu ane zvirango zvekuburitsa kabhoni.Nguva yeshanduko yemuchina uyu kubva muna 2023 kuenda muna 2025. Munguva yeshanduko, hapana chikonzero chekubhadhara mari inoenderana, asi vanopinda kunze kwenyika vanofanirwa kuendesa zvitupa zvehuwandu hwechigadzirwa, kuburitsa kabhoni uye kuburitsa zvisina kunanga, uye mari inoenderana nekabhoni inobhadharwa ne zvigadzirwa munyika yekwakabva.Mushure mekupera kwenguva yeshanduko, vanotenga kunze kwenyika vanozobhadhara mari dzakakodzera dzekuburitsa kabhoni kubva kunze kwenyika.Parizvino, EU inoda kuti mabhizinesi aongorore, averenge uye ataure mutengo wecarbon footprint yezvigadzirwa ega.Ndeipi mhedzisiro ichave nekuitwa kweEU kabhoni tariff?Ndeapi matambudziko akatarisana nekushandiswa kweEU carbon tariffs?Pepa rino richaongorora izvi muchidimbu.
Tichakurumidza kuvandudzwa kwemusika wecarbon
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti pasi pemhando dzakasiyana uye mitero yakasiyana-siyana, kuunganidzwa kweEU carbon tariffs kunoderedza kutengeserana kweChina neEurope ne10% ~ 20%.Zvinoenderana nekufanotaura kweEuropean Commission, kabhoni tariffs ichaunza 4 bhiriyoni euros kune 15 bhiriyoni euros ye "yakawedzerwa mari" kuEU gore rega rega, uye icharatidza kuwedzera kwegore negore mune imwe nguva yenguva.EU ichatarisa pamitengo yealuminium, makemikari fetiraiza, simbi nemagetsi.Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti EU "ichadurura" kabhoni mutero kune dzimwe nyika kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemasangano, kuitira kuti ive nekukanganisa kukuru pakutengeserana kweChina.
Muna 2021, simbi yeChina inotengeswa kunze kwenyika makumi maviri nenomwe dzeEU uye UK yakasvika matani 3.184 miriyoni, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe52.4%.Zvinoenderana nemutengo wemakumi mashanu euros / tani mumusika wekabhoni muna 2021, EU ichaisa kabhoni mutero we159.2 miriyoni euros pane zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zveChina.Izvi zvichawedzera kudzikisira mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvesimbi zveChina zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEU.Panguva imwecheteyo, ichasimudzirawo indasitiri yesimbi yeChina kuti ikurumidze kumhanya kwe decarbonization uye kukurumidza kusimudzira musika wecarbon.Pasi pesimba rezvinodiwa zvechinangwa chemamiriro ekunze uye kudiwa chaiko kwemabhizinesi eChinese kuti apindure kuEU carbon border regulation mechanism, kumanikidza kwekuvaka kwemusika weChina kabhoni kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera.Iyo inyaya inofanirwa kutariswa zvakakomba kusimudzira panguva yakakodzera simbi nesimbi indasitiri uye mamwe maindasitiri kuti abatanidzwe mune kabhoni emission yekutengesa system.Nekumhanyisa kuvaka uye kuvandudza musika wekabhoni, kudzikisa huwandu hwemitero inodiwa nemabhizinesi eChinese kubhadhara zvigadzirwa kumusika weEU zvinogona zvakare kudzivirira mutero wakapetwa kaviri.
Kurudzira kukura kwegreen power kudiwa
Zvinoenderana nechikumbiro chichangobva kutambirwa, iyo EU kabhoni tariff inongoziva wakajeka mutengo wekabhoni, izvo zvinozosimudzira zvakanyanya kukura kweGreen simba remagetsi kudiwa.Parizvino, hazvizivikanwe kana EU inoona yekuChina yenyika yakasimbiswa emission reduction (CCER).Kana iyo EU kabhoni musika ikasaziva CCER, kutanga, ichaodza moyo mabhizinesi eChina akatarisana nekutengesa kunze kubva pakutenga CCER kuti apedze quotas, chechipiri, zvinokonzeresa kushomeka kwekabhoni quotas uye kukwira kwemitengo yekabhoni, uye chechitatu, inotungamira kunze. mabhizinesi anozove neshungu dzekuwana akaderera-mutengo emission emission zvirongwa zvinogona kuzadza quota gap.Zvichienderana nekuvandudzwa kwesimba rekuvandudza simba uye mutemo wekushandisa pasi pechirongwa cheChina che "double carbon", mashandisirwo emagetsi egirinhi aratidza kuve sarudzo yakanakisa yemabhizinesi kubata neEU kabhoni tariffs.Nekukura kuri kuramba kuchidiwa kwevatengi, izvi hazvingobatsiri chete kuvandudza simba rekushandisa resimba rinodzokororwa, asi zvakare kukurudzira mabhizinesi kuisa mari mukugadzira simba remagetsi.
Kurumidza kupihwa chitupa cheyakaderera-kabhoni uye zero kabhoni zvigadzirwa
Parizvino, ArcelorMittal, bhizinesi resimbi rekuEurope, rakaparura zero kabhoni simbi chitupa kuburikidza ne xcarbtm chirongwa, ThyssenKrupp yakaparura blueminttm, yakaderera-carbon emission simbi brand, Nucor steel, bhizimusi resimbi rekuAmerica, yakurudzira zero kabhoni simbi econiqtm, uye Schnitzer. simbi yakarongawo GRN steeltm, bhaa uye waya zvinhu.Pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza kuitika kwekabhoni neutralization munyika, mabhizinesi esimbi nesimbi eChina Baowu, Hegang, Anshan Iron uye simbi, Jianlong, nezvimwe zvakatevedzana zvakaburitsa kabhoni neutralization roadmap, zvichifambirana nemabhizinesi epamusoro epasirese mukutsvagisa. budiriro tekinoroji mhinduro, uye edza kukunda.
Kuitwa chaiko kuchiri kutarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda
Pachine zvakawanda zvipingamupinyi pakuitwa kwechokwadi kweEU kabhoni mutero, uye iyo yemahara kabhoni quota system ichava chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvikuru mukunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kwekabhoni mutero.Pakupera kwa2019, inopfuura hafu yemabhizinesi muEU kabhoni yekutengesa system vachiri kunakidzwa nemahara kabhoni quotas.Izvi zvinokanganisa makwikwi uye hazvienderane nehurongwa hweEU hwekuwana kusarerekera kabhoni panosvika 2050.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo EU inotarisira kuti nekuisa kabhoni tariffs nemitengo yakafanana yekabhoni yemukati pazvinhu zvakafanana zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, ichaedza kuenderana nemitemo yakakodzera yesangano rekutengeserana repasi rose, kunyanya Chinyorwa 1 (chinonyanya kufarirwa nyika kurapwa) uye Chinyorwa 3 ( musimboti usingasaruri wezvigadzirwa zvakafanana) zvechibvumirano chakazara paTariffs uye kutengeserana (GATT).
Indasitiri yesimbi nesimbi ndiyo indasitiri ine yakakura kabhoni emission muhupfumi hwenyika hwemaindasitiri.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo simbi nesimbi indasitiri ine refu maindasitiri cheni uye yakafara pesvedzero.Kuitwa kwekabhoni tariff policy muindasitiri iyi kunotarisana nematambudziko makuru.Chikumbiro cheEU che "kukura kwegirinhi uye shanduko yedhijitari" chakanyanya kusimudzira kukwikwidza kwemaindasitiri echinyakare akadai seindasitiri yesimbi.Muna 2021, crude simbi yakabuda muEU yaive 152.5 miriyoni matani, uye iyo yeEurope yese yaive 203.7 miriyoni matani, nekuwedzera kwegore negore kwe13.7%, inoverengera 10.4% yepasi rose crude simbi yakabuda.Zvinogona kutariswa kuti EU's carbon tariff policy iri kuyedzawo kumisa hurongwa hutsva hwekutengeserana, kugadzira mitemo mitsva yekutengeserana yakatenderedza kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusimudzira maindasitiri, uye kuedza kuisirwa muhurongwa hwesangano rekutengeserana pasi rose kuti ive inobatsira kuEU. .
Muchidimbu, kabhoni tariff inzira nyowani yekutengesa, iyo ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza kurongeka kweEU uye kunyangwe musika wesimbi weEuropean.Pachine makore matatu ekuchinja nguva isati yaitwa EU kabhoni tariff.Pachine nguva yekuti nyika nemabhizinesi vagadzire matanho ekupikisa.Simba rinosunga remitemo yenyika dzakawanda pamusoro pekubudisa kabhoni rinongowedzera kana kusaderera.Indasitiri yesimbi nesimbi yeChina ichashanda nesimba uye zvishoma nezvishoma kugona kodzero yekutaura chirongwa chekusimudzira kwenguva refu.Kune mabhizinesi esimbi nesimbi, zano rinonyanya kushanda richiri kutora mugwagwa wegirinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni kusimudzira, kubata nehukama pakati pekusimudzira uye kuderedzwa kwekubuda, kukurumidza kushandurwa kwekare uye nyowani kinetic simba, kusimudzira nesimba simba idzva, kukurumidza. kuvandudzwa kwegirinhi tekinoroji uye kugadzirisa kukwikwidza kwemusika wepasi rose.